Microbiology

Diseases and Spirochetes Review

Disease	Bacteria	Primary Medication
Lyme Disease	Borrelia burgdorferi	Tetracycline
Meningitis	Leptospira	Penicillin G
Syphilis	Treponema pallidum	Penicillin G

Diseases and Acid Fast Bacilli Review

Disease	Bacteria	Primary Medication
Tuberculosis, renal and meningeal infections	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Isoniazid + rifampin + pyrazinamide
Leprosy	Mycobacterium leprae	Dapsone + rifampin

Diseases and Actinomycetes Review

Disease	Bacteria	Primary Medication
Cervicofacial, and other lesions	Actinomyces israelii	Penicillin G

Diseases and Gram-Negative Bacilli Review

Disease	Bacteria	Primary Medication
Meningitis	Flavobacterium meningosepticum	Vancomycin
UTI’s Bacteremia	Escherichia coli	Ampicillin+/-aminoglycoside
Gingivitis, Genital infections, ulcerative pharyngitis	Fusobacterium nucleatum	Penicillin G
Abscesses	Bacteroides species	Clindamycin/Penicillin G
Hospital acquired infections	Acinetobacter	Aminoglycoside
Abscesses, Endocarditis	Bacteroides fragilis	Clindamycin, metronidazole
Legionnaires’ Disease	Legionella pneumonphila	Erythromycin
UTI’s	Proteus mirabilis	Ampicillin/Amoxicillin
Pneumonia, UTI’s, Bacteremia	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Penicillin-Broad
Bacteremia, Endocarditis	Streptobacillus moniliformis	Penicillin G
Pneumonia, UTI	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Cephalosporin
Bacteremia, Wound infections	Pasteurella multocida	Penicillin G

Diseases and Gram-Positive Bacilli Review

Disease	Bacteria	Primary Medication
Gas Gangrene	Clostridium	Penicillin G
Tetanus	Clostridium tetani	Penicillin G
Pharyngitis	Corynebacterium diphtheriae	Penicillin G
Meningitis, Bacteremia	Listeria monocytogenes	Ampicillin
Anthrax / pneumonia	Bacillus anthracis	Penicillin G
Endocarditis	Corynebacterium species	Penicillin G/Vancomycin

Diseases and Cocci Review

Disease	Bacteria	Primary Medication
Genital infections, arthritis-dermatitis syndrome	Neisseria gonorrhoeae	Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
Meningitis, Bacteremia	Neisseria meningitidis	Penicillin G
Endocarditis, Bacteremia	Streptococcus (viridans group)	Gentamicin
Bacteremia, brain and other absesses	Streptococcus (anaerobic species)	Penicillin G
Endocarditis, Bacteremia	Streptococcus agalactiae	Ampicillin
Pneumonia, Osteomyelitis, abscesses	Staphyloccus aureus	Penicillin G/Vancomycin
UTI’s, Endocarditis	Streptococcus faecalis	Ampicillin, Penicillin G
Pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis, Arthritis	Streptococcus pneumoniae	Penicillin G or V
Cellulitis, Scarlet fever, bacteremia	Streptococcus pyogenes	Penicillin G or V
Bacteremia, endocarditis	Streptococcus bovis	Penicillin G

DNA Virus Review

DNA Virus	Infection
Adenovirus	Eye and Respiratory infections
Hepatitis B	Hepatitis B
Cytomegalovirus	Cytomegalic inclusion disease
Epstein-Barr	Infectious mononucleosis
Herpes Types 1 and 2	Local infections oral and genital
Varicella-zoster	Chickenpox, herpes zoster
Smallpox	Smallpox

RNA Virus Review

RNA Virus	Infection
Human respiratory virus	Respiratory tract infection
Hepatitis A virus	Hepatitis A
Influenza virus A-C	Influenza
Measles virus	Measles
Mumps virus	Mumps
Respiratory syncytial virus	Respiratory tract infection in children
Poliovirus	Poliomyelitis
Rhinovirus types 1-89	Cold
Human immunodeficiency virus	AIDS
Rabies virus	Rabies
Alphavirus	Encephalitis
Rubella virus	Rubella

Immunoglobulin isotypes

IgA – can be located in secretions and prevents viral and bacterial attachment to membranes.

IgD - can be located on B cells

IgE -main mediator of mast cells with allergen exposure.

IgG - primarily found in secondary responses. Does cross placenta and destroys viruses/bacteria.

IgM - primarily found in first response. Located on B cells

Cytokines Review

IL-1 Primarily stimulate of fever response. Helps activate B and T cells. Produced by macrophages.

IL-2 Aids in the development of Cytotoxic T cells and helper cells. Produced by helper T cells.

IL-3 Aids in the development of bone marrow stem cells. Produced by T-cells.

IL-4 Aids in the growth of B cells. Produced by helper T-cells. Aids in the production of IgG and IgE

IL-5 Promotes the growth of eosinophils. Produced by helper T-cells. Also promotes IgA production.

IL-8 Neutrophil factor

TNF-α Promotes the activation of neutrophils and is produced by macrophages.

TNF-β Produced by T lymphocytes and encourages the activation of neutrophils

γ-interferon (Activates macrophages and is produced by helper T cells.)

Controlled Substance Categories

Schedule I	Highest potential abuse, used mostly for research. (heroin, peyote, marijuana)
Schedule II	High potential abuse, but used for therapeutic purposes (opioids, amphetamines and barbiturates)
Schedule III	Mild to moderate physical dependence or strong psychological dependence on both. (opioids such as codeine, hydrocodone that are combined with other non-opoid drugs)
Schedule IV	Limited potential for abuse and physical and/or psychological dependence (benzodiazepines, and some low potency opioids)
Schedule V	Lowest abuse potential of controlled substances. Used in cough medications and anti-diarrheal preps.