Nursing Reviewer: Migraine

-common in female, perfectionist, ambitious, inflexible
- pain start from one hemisphere to other hemisphere 5-10mins only;
severe - last for hours, days or weeks
-severe throbbing pain

Nursing Priority: pain, cause of pain, stop activity, administer analgesics, bring to quiet dark environment

MGT: decrease stimuli = decrease ICP

Spinal Cord Injury

Common to highly educated person

Common in July

Cause: vehicular accident, violence, sports related injuries  eg diving

Areflexia- absence of reflexes after injury

stroke

-sudden neuro deficit

Diagnosis: Right CVA – left hemapheresis

                   Left CVA – Right hemapheresis

40% - thrombotic

30% -embolic

          Lacunar

           Hemorrhagic – devastating

*prone to depression

*prevent depression – family support

2 common cause in depression

1.       Acquired

2.       Side effects of drugs

Stages of Recovery:

1.       Flaccidity

2.       Spasticity begin

3.       Spasticity continues

4.       Peak spasticity 

5.       Spasticity declines

6.       Spasticity disappear – normal recovery

Risk Factors:

Lifestyle, obesity, diabetes mellitus, increase serum cholesterol, age, black people

Management:

1.       Drug – anti – coagulant (heparin)

2.       Carotid endarterectomy – surgical removal of plaques ; side effects – alzheimer’s disease

Bacillar artery affected = death

Pontine artery affected = doll’s eye phenomenon (oculo cephalic reflex)

Complication: immobility, contractures, sexual dysfunction

**prevent footdrop contractures – wear high tennis shoes

Tumor

Tumor

-space occupying lesions

2 types of tumor in brain: 1. Glioblastoma – adult

                                                    2. medullablastoma – children

Mgt: Surgery

a.       Craniotomy – opening of skull

b.      Craniectomy – part of skull removed

Nsg priority: SAFETY (wear helmet)

Drug: steroid ( decrease edema), NSAIDS

Note: prolonged use of steroids causes osteoporosis; if asthmatic weight gain